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Machine learning is an enchanting realm of computer science that delves into the creation of enchanting algorithms and models that possess the mystical ability to automatically learn from the vast expanse of data. These wondrous algorithms possess the power to unravel hidden patterns, foretell impending outcomes, and conjure decisions with the guidance of input data. Behold, neural networks emerge as mesmerizing computational models that mirror the intricate design of the human nervous system. These ethereal networks are composed of captivating layers and interconnected computational units that dance in harmonious unity. Deep learning is a mesmerizing subset of machine learning that emerges as a captivating discipline that fixates on the utilization of neural networks adorned with an extravagant number of layers and units. These ethereal networks possess the otherworldly ability to extract profound wisdom from the complexities of data and the depths of intricate structures. They are summoned forth to fulfill tasks of great magnitude, such as the recognition of ethereal images, the translation of tongues, and the processing of the bountiful language of nature. Within this sacred tome, in this paper embarked on a comprehensive odyssey through the sacred principles of deep learning and machine learning. This paper unraveled the enigmatic concepts, and mystical methods, and manifested the enchanting applications that dwell within these realms. As the quest draws to a close, the current study embarked upon a profound reflection, gazing upon the strengths and weaknesses that grace these realms and the outcomes they bestow upon the seekers who dare to venture forth.
Existing structures should be strengthened as a result of age and/or changes in predicted load patterns and magnitudes. To this end, among various options, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars have been increasingly used in reinforced concrete buildings during the last two decades, replacing traditional steel reinforcement, particularly in places with harsh weather conditions because of its simplicity and convenience. In shear and flexural applications, bonding between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and concrete is critical for stress transmission between the concrete structure's member and reinforcement. As there are numerous published studies that focus on the FRP-concrete bond strength, the relevant research works on the bond between FRP and concrete are reviewed in this paper. In this comprehensive overview the main papers and their methodologies are provided and discussed, as well as their variations, which used by various researchers. The benefits and drawbacks of each research work are discussed, as well as some views, results and the need for more study. The database findings indicate that FRP bar is an excellent reinforcing material for concrete structures.
Concrete, which is usually brittle, can be made tougher and more impact-resistant by adding crumb rubber to the mix. In standard concrete, fatigue and impact loads can cause premature failures. Rubber aggregates might help solve that problem. In spite of its loss of some mechanical properties, crumb rubber concrete can be treated using suitable aggregates. The mechanical, chemical, thermal, and microwave treatments can increase the adhesive properties of crumb rubber aggregates. The use of scrap tires for crumb rubber in concrete would have a huge environmental impact since it would solve the disposal challenges and conserve natural aggregate resources in short supply. Although some literature is available on the properties of crumb rubber concrete, it is necessary to evaluate methods to overcome its deficiencies. A major focus of the paper is to examine the acoustic, durability, mechanical, and thermal properties of concrete with untreated or treated crumb rubber. A classification of beneficial treatments is presented. The overall results show that utilizing crumb rubber concrete will help protect the environment and conserve natural aggregates by sustainably utilizing waste material.
The composite steel shear wall (CSSW) consists of a steel shear wall (SSW) attached to a reinforced concrete panel using bolts or connectors. In this way, thick-walled steel plates exhibit a higher load-carrying capacity and are less likely to buckle out of the plane. This paper develops a new analytical strip model for 3, 8 and 15 floors frames equipped with CSSW as well as traditional steel shear walls (SSWs) to investigate their seismic behavior. The results of conducted pushover analyses showed that more plastic hinges were created in the CSSW-equipped frames than SSW-equipped ones, indicating more energy absorption, fewer damages and more durability.
The use of industrial waste as a building material plays an important role in sustainability. During the combustion of pulverized coal, fly ash is generated as a waste product. An overview of research on the use of sintered fly ash aggregate for the production of light-weight structural concrete is presented here. In this paper, the aggregate properties of fly ash are also determined by the physical, chemical, and pelletizing parameters of the flash. This paper also discussed temperatures and durations of sintering and their significance. A description of the sintered fly ash aggregate's mechanical and physical properties was also provided. Literature review indicates that such aggregates are 16–46% lighter and have a higher water absorption capacity than normal-weight aggregates. The concrete produced with sintered fly ash concrete exhibited high strength and mechanical properties as well as durability.. The compressive strengths of sintered fly ash aggregate concrete range from 27-74 MPa, and the densities range from 1651-2017 kg/m3. Fly ash aggregate concrete seems to perform well in terms of structural applications. Sintered fly ash aggregate concrete has been identified as potential structural concrete material.
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