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Paper Highlights

• The conventional FRPs exhibit brittle failure at relatively low ultimate tensile strains, that limits their efficacy in seismic structural applications.
• This study investigates the cyclic behavior of a new composite material known as SMA-FRP. The new composite comprises a resin matrix, embedded with Super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as primary reinforcement. The SMA wires are used either w
• Results revealed that the SMA-FRP composites can recover relatively high strains upon unloading. Also It was found that dissipated energy of these composites increases with an increase in volume ratio of SMA fibers.

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Paper References

• Alikhani, A., & Basaeri, A. (2021). “The effect of pre-strain and number of SMA wires on the compression properties of glass-epoxy conical grid composites,” Composite Structures Journal, 262, pp 113624.
• Van Den Einde, L., Zhao, L., & Seible, F. (2003). “Use of FRP composites in civil structural applications. Construction and building materials,” 17(6-7), pp 389-403.
• Daghash, S. M., & Ozbulut, O. E. (2016). “Characterization of superelastic shape memory alloy fiber-reinforced polymer composites under tensile cyclic loading,” Materials & Design Journal, 111, pp 504-512.
• Zafar, A., & Andrawes, B. (2014). “Fabrication and cyclic behavior of highly ductile superelastic shape memory composites. Journal of materials in civil engineering,” 26(4), pp 622-632.
• Ozbulut, O. E., Hurlebaus, S., & Desroches, R. (2011). “Seismic response control using shape memory alloys: a review,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 22(14), pp 1531-1549.
• Naito, H., Sato, J., Funami, K., Matsuzaki, Y., & Ikeda, T. (2001). “Analytical study on training effect of pseudoelastic transformation of shape memory alloys in cyclic loading,” Journal of intelligent material systems and structures, 12(4), pp 295-300.
• Zafar, A. (2013). “Application of SMA fiber composite as seismic reinforcement for concrete moment resisting frames,” (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
• Jang, B. K., Koo, J. H., Toyama, N., Akimune, Y., & Kishi, T. (2001, August). “Influence of lamination direction on fracture behavior and mechanical properties of TiNi SMA wire-embedded CFRP smart composites,” In Smart Structures and Materials 2001: Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control in Smart Structures, 4326, pp 188-197.
• Xu, Y., Otsuka, K., Toyama, N., Yoshida, H., Jang, B. K., Nagai, H., & Kishi, T. (2002, July). “Fabrication of TiNi/CFRP smart composite using cold drawn TiNi wires,” Smart Structures and Materials 2002: Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics, 4699, pp. 564-574.
• Xu, Y., Otsuka, K., Toyama, N., Yoshida, H., Nagai, H., & Kishi, T. (2003). “A novel technique for fabricating SMA/CFRP adaptive composites using ultrathin TiNi wires,” Smart materials and structures, 13(1), 196.
• Wierschem, N., & Andrawes, B. (2010). “Superelastic SMA–FRP composite reinforcement for concrete structures. Smart materials and structures," 19(2), pp 025011
• Nissle, S., Hübler, M., Gurka, M., Schmeer, S., & Voll, N. (2014, September). “Integration of shape memory alloy wires in fiber reinforced polymers for endless crash absorber structures,” In Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, 46155, p V002T04A005.
• Sharifishourabi, G., Alebrahim, R., Sharifi, S., Ayob, A., Vrcelj, Z., & Yahya, M. Y. (2014). “Mechanical properties of potentially-smart carbon/epoxy composites with asymmetrically embedded shape memory wires," Materials & Design, 59, 486-493.
• Wierschem, N. (2009). “Superelastic shape memory alloy composite bars for reinforcing concrete structures,” (Ms.C dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
• Payandeh, Y., Meraghni, F., Patoor, E., & Eberhardt, A. (2012). “Study of the martensitic transformation in NiTi–epoxy smart composite and its effect on the overall behavior,” Materials & Design, 39, 104-110.
• Buehler, W. J., & Wang, F. E. (1968). “A summary of recent research on the nitinol alloys and their potential application in ocean engineering," Ocean Engineering, 1(1), 105-120.
• Verma, L., Andrew, J. J., Sivakumar, S. M., Balaganesan, G., Vedantam, S., & Dhakal, H. N. (2021). “Evaluation of quasi-static indentation response of superelastic shape memory alloy embedded GFRP laminates using AE monitoring" Polymer Testing Journal, 93, pp 106942.
• Gangil, N., Siddiquee, A. N., & Maheshwari, S. (2020). “Towards applications, processing and advancements in shape memory alloy and its composites,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 59, pp 205-222.
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